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Marey: Movement of a Human Jumper
Using humans in his studies gave Marey even more control over the activities he recorded and the reslulting representations of movement. He dressed his subjects in black suits and put white points and lines on them, abstracting the movement to the point where it reads less like a photo of a person than a full on motion diagram.
At this point Marey started getting funding for his work from the French government, who were interested in understanding the movement of soldiers so they could better load them up for warfare.
These kinds of images were hugely influential at the time. Among other things, they seem have been a direct inspiration for paintings like Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase. Also, his work was essentially the foundation of the entire motion picture industry.